Silicon
Material
Si
Silizium (Si) is a naturally occurring chemical element used in various fields. It is widely used as a semiconductor in electrical engineering and is found in most photovoltaic systems.
In optics, silicon is used to manufacture lenses, scanner windows and prisms for the IR range. It has a high transmission in the range between 3 µm and 5 µm. Silicon with a coating is also used as a mirror material for CO2 lasers. Due to the low density of the material, optical components made of silicon are particularly well suited in applications where weight must be saved.
Properties
Optical and spectral properties | |
---|---|
Transmission range in µm (minimum 10%) | 1,1‐16 |
Transmission range in µm (minimum 50%) | 1,2‐6,7 |
Refractive index @633nm | 3,353 (3,422 @5µm) |
Reflection losses in % at 1 surface | 30,1 @3µm
|
Reflection losses, % for two surfaces | 46,2 @5µm
|
dN/dT in 1/K | 160 · 10-6
|
Physical properties | |
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Density in g/cm3 | 2,329 |
Melting point in °C | 1412 |
Specific heat capacity in J/(kg · K) | 731
|
Thermal conductivity in W/(m · K) | 163
|
Thermal expansion in 1/K | 2,62 · 10-6 @300K
|
Dielectric constant | 13
|
Solubility in water in g/100g | insoluble |
Mohs hardness | 6,5 |
Knoop hardness in kg/mm² | 1150
|
Material type | single crystalline, synthetic
|
Crystal type | cubic, face-centered, diamond structure |
Crystal structure | Fm3m
|
Lattice constant in Å | a = 5,43
|
Elastic coefficient in GPa | C11 = 11 C12 = 65 C44 = 80 |
Young's Modulus (E) in Gpa | 131
|
Shear Modulus (G) in GPa | 79,9 |
Bulk Modulus (K) in GPa | 102 |
Rupture Modulus in MPa | 130
|
Apparent elastic limit in MPa | 124,1 |
Poisson's ratio | 0,221 |
Spectral properties |
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sample thickness: 2 mm |
Optical Properties | |
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Transmission range in µm @10% min. | 1.1 - 16 |
Transmission range in µm @50% min. | 1.2 - 6.7 |
Refractive index @633nm | 3.35268 (3.4223 @5µm) |
Reflection losses in % at 1 surface | 30.11 @3µm |
Reflection losses in % at 2 surfaces | 46.2 @5µm |
dn/dT in 1/K | 160 · 10-6 |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Density in g/cm³ | 2.3291 |
Melting point in °C | 1412 |
Specific heat capacity in J/(kg · K) | 731 |
Thermal Conductivity in W/(m · K) | 163 |
Thermal Expansion in 1/K | 2.62 · 10-6 @300K |
Dielectric constant | 13 |
Solubility in water in g/100g | unsoluble |
Mohs hardness | 6.5 |
Knoop hardness in kg/mm² | 1150 |
Material type | Single crystal, synthetic |
Crystal type | cubic face-centered, diamond structure |
Crystal structure | Fd3m |
Lattice constant in Å | a = 5.43 |
Elastic coeficients in GPa | C11 = 11 C12 = 65 C44 = 80 |
Young's Modulus (E) in GPa | 131 |
Shear Modulus (G) in GPa | 79.9 |
Bulk Modulus (K) in GPa | 102 |
Rupture Modulus in MPa | 130 |
Apparent elastic limit in MPa | 124.1 |
Poisson ratio | 0.221 |
Spectral Properties | |
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