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Silicon

Material
Si

Silizium (Si) is a naturally occurring chemical element used in various fields. It is widely used as a semiconductor in electrical engineering and is found in most photovoltaic systems.

In optics, silicon is used to manufacture lenses, scanner windows and prisms for the IR range. It has a high transmission in the range between 3 µm and 5 µm. Silicon with a coating is also used as a mirror material for CO2 lasers. Due to the low density of the material, optical components made of silicon are particularly well suited in applications where weight must be saved.

Properties
Optical and spectral properties
Transmission range in µm (minimum 10%)
1,1‐16
Transmission range in µm (minimum 50%)
1,2‐6,7
Refractive index @633nm
3,353

(3,422 @5µm)

Reflection losses in % at 1 surface
30,1 @3µm
Reflection losses, % for two surfaces
46,2 @5µm
dN/dT in 1/K
160 · 10-6
Physical properties
Density in g/cm3
2,329
Melting point in °C
1412
Specific heat capacity in J/(kg · K)
731
Thermal conductivity in W/(m · K)
163
Thermal expansion in 1/K
2,62 · 10-6 @300K
Dielectric constant
13
Solubility in water in g/100g
insoluble
Mohs hardness
6,5
Knoop hardness in kg/mm²
1150
Material type
single crystalline, synthetic
Crystal type
cubic, face-centered, diamond structure
Crystal structure
Fm3m
Lattice constant in Å
a = 5,43
Elastic coefficient in GPa
C11 = 11

C12 = 65

C44 = 80

Young's Modulus (E) in Gpa
131
Shear Modulus (G) in GPa
79,9
Bulk Modulus (K) in GPa
102
Rupture Modulus in MPa
130
Apparent elastic limit in MPa
124,1
Poisson's ratio
0,221
Spectral properties
sample thickness: 2 mm
Optical Properties
Transmission range in µm @10% min. 1.1 - 16
Transmission range in µm @50% min. 1.2 - 6.7
Refractive index @633nm 3.35268
(3.4223 @5µm)
Reflection losses in % at 1 surface 30.11 @3µm
Reflection losses in % at 2 surfaces 46.2 @5µm
dn/dT in 1/K 160 · 10-6
Physical Properties
Density in g/cm³ 2.3291
Melting point in °C 1412
Specific heat capacity in J/(kg · K) 731
Thermal Conductivity in W/(m · K) 163
Thermal Expansion in 1/K 2.62 · 10-6 @300K
Dielectric constant 13
Solubility in water in g/100g unsoluble
Mohs hardness 6.5
Knoop hardness in kg/mm² 1150
Material type Single crystal, synthetic
Crystal type cubic face-centered, diamond structure
Crystal structure Fd3m
Lattice constant in Å a = 5.43
Elastic coeficients in GPa C11 = 11
C12 = 65
C44 = 80
Young's Modulus (E) in GPa 131
Shear Modulus (G) in GPa 79.9
Bulk Modulus (K) in GPa 102
Rupture Modulus in MPa 130
Apparent elastic limit in MPa 124.1
Poisson ratio 0.221
Spectral Properties
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